Key Terms
All terms in the context of photography
Tone :
Tone is probably the most intangible element of composition. Tone may consist of shadings from white-to-gray-to-black, or it may consist of darks against lights with little or no grays. The use of dark areas against light areas is a common method of adding the feeling of a third dimension to a two-dimensional black-and-white picture. The interaction of light against dark shades in varying degrees helps to set the mood of a composition. A picture consisting of dark or somber shades conveys mystery, intrigue, or sadness. When the tones are mostly light and airy, the picture portrays lightness, joy, or airiness.
(http://photoinf.com/General/NAVY/Pattern_Volume_Lighting_Texture_Tone.htm)
Definition: Noun: (1) lightness, brightness or value of a patch in a photograph: dark tones correspond to shadows, light tones correspond to bright or highlight areas. (2) Slight overall colour cast or hint of colour in a print or part of image that should be neutral e.g. green tone in Fujichrome blacks. * Also known as tint. (3) Used as suffix following percentage: percentage of given dot area that is inked e.g. 40% tone is 40% covered in ink. * See three-quarter tone. (4) Verb: to treat black & white print or negative with a chemical that replaces or alters the silver image, usually to change image colour or contrast.
(http://www.idigitalphoto.com/dictionary/tone)
Texture:
Texture helps to emphasize the features and details in a photograph. By capturing "texture" of objects being photographed, you can create form.
When people observe a soft, furry object or a smooth, shining surface, they have a strong urge to touch it. You can provide much of the pleasure people get from the feel of touching such objects by rendering texture in your pictures. Texture can be used to give realism and character to a picture and may in itself be the subject of a photograph. When texture is used as a subordinate element within the picture, it lends strength to the main idea in the photograph. It usually takes just a little different lighting or a slight change in camera position to improve the rendering of texture in a picture. When an area in a photograph shows rich texture, the textured area usually creates a form or shape; therefore, it should be considered in planning the photograph
(http://photoinf.com/General/NAVY/Pattern_Volume_Lighting_Texture_Tone.htm)
Juxtaposition:
Juxtapositions Definition
Juxtaposition is not just a fun word to say, it is a useful concept to include in your photography. Juxtapositions definition: An act or instance of placing close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast.
(http://sceneinadifferentlight.com/outer-banks/juxtaposition)
In class we have used a recap terminology worksheet featured here:
For this image I used the florescent H this has made the image have warm sunlight tones so has an orange tinge.
The florescent h has made the light down directly upon it have really orange tones.
This image is manual it tries to add a realistic tone although this image appears more like the colours that we would see while looking at the image so it has not changed the light.
This is the custom setting it has replaced the light with green and blue tones putting a shallow quite dreary effect on the image. It changes the image to being quite spooky an unnatural so the image is spooky.
In class we have used a recap terminology worksheet featured here:
Colour elements
The Warm colours : orange,red,yellows
The connatations of these colors can vary as the red can mean passion and love but also means warning and danger. The orange colour has similair meanings of warning but also means warms and sunshine this is also represented by the inviting yellow colours that are seen as cheerful and represent happiness in many ways.
The primary colours: Red,Yellow and Blue
The colours are bright and make a statement they pop on a page and are often signs of young people and kids. People often associate them to happyness and the summer.
The Cool colours : Blue,Purple and Green
These coulours give connetations of relaxation and open spaces. The blue represents the sea and often means cold. The purple has the bright passionate meaning but can also be relaxing and powerful. The green like the blue gives a negative big space feeling because it reminds you of open fields and the countryside.
Black and White
These colours have opposite meanings the black being a riminder of close dark spaces as well as the meaning of death which has a negative effect. The white is opposite because it means bright such as angels and vast open spaces it also has the meaning of innocence.
This is the featured worksheet that started this page:
Composition Techniques : Leading lines and Focal points.
Definition of Leading lines :
These are lines shown through objects directing you to the point of interesting.It usually starts at the bottom of the frame and guides the eye towards the subject.
Definition of focal point:
The subject in which you wish to draw attention towards.
My Photos :
This phot uses leading lines to show you the colour and crystals of the necklace with plain black and white strypes directing you in many angles towards the necklace itself which is the focal point.
This is not a good repuatation of leading lines with the stair directing to the focal point of the person in the background.
This light has used the lines and strands directing to the middle and the sky. This is the main focal point.
This photo has the use of wood grain to direct you to the bright focal point of the bright boots the reflections also help the improvement of this photo.
This uses the direction of the trees and its bark to show the aerial as the focal point. This helps us get the effect that we are walking throough the woods and have reached this point.
Use In Magazines
(http://www.elleuk.com/style/street-style/london-street-style-autumn-winter-2013#image=4)
This images focal pint is the model to make her stand out the photography has used the wall leading down to her placing her in the rule of thirds but also allowing the street to lead our eyes towards her the line also made through the grooves of the bricks lead out eyes towards her and what she is wearing. For a further look into leading lines here is the worksheet given:
Photoshop techniques
Colour Splash
Using the red lipstick in the image i changed the contest and made the background black and white. I would possibly use this as a cover image with larger bright red text.
Using Filters
I changed this photo to give it a vintage feel as this is the feel of the whole magazine. I did this by adding warm orange tones and with a slight blur making it look slightly older.
Photoshop basic tools
The Crop Tool : This tool allows you to choose your selected size this can be done in inches and can be a certain size or dragged and dropped into the correct size. This would usually be used to fit the size of the photo needed.
The constraint proportions: This is basically the size of the original image and the image size that you have changed it to this makes the photo straight and appear unstreched into the choosen space.
DPI: The dpi is the resolution of the image this can be dependant on the amount of pixels in the image. The suggested measurements are 300p if is a print out of a photo as this is what is needed for a large image and takes up a lot of space.If you are putting it online 72p is all that is needed as the file type appears small and the less detail is needed.
De saturation: This can be the process of changing the colour if this is applying a tint or changing an image to black and white this can be done using the basic black and white but also by applying the greyscale allowing you to change certain colours.
Curves/Brightness: This is simple as all you need is to change the highlights and shadows of an image you can do this by adjusting the contrast .
Contrast : The contrast is the difference between the light and shadow of an image making one section appear lighter .
Will update with image as there are technical issues with putting them on my blog.
Studio Portrait
lighting
Basic portrait lighting in is the 3 point Lighting system this consists of 3 different lights on the portrait aim. The light is given by the key light this will shine mainly on the subject itself the fill light is the light filling the rest of the space to make a clear cut image. For fine detail in images they will use a hair light this will light the image so that the fine detail can be captured this is usually from behind or on top of the subject. To spread and control the light given we can use basic sensors on the camera that will send the commands to the light to change the strength of light we can use the basic umbrellas such as a plain white one to diffuse the light and the silver reflective inside to provide a hard light source without being over the top as the protect of the subject is a consideration.
Backdrop
The backdrop is not seen in this diagram but is normally behind the subject and is a basic white colour background so the subject now appears cleaner as the person should be the main focus of the image.
Health and safety
The health and safety on a set should always be considered as the cameras and sets wires are a trip hazard. The electricity and the heat given off should always be measured as it is a fire risk. The light itself is a hazard because this can be blinding and harmful to the eyes.
Hard and soft Lighting
Hard and soft light are very important in photography as they can carry the mood of a photograph this can also be determined by the direction of light as it can change the story of a picture e.g in dracula he holds the light beneath his chin making the light opposite to the sun meaning unorthodox as it computes in our mind as wrong. Hard light is often more textured giving a high contrast between the shadows and light giving a high impact photograph it is often used in landscape photography and not often used in portrait as it shows many details in the skin such as wrinkles and blemishes. Soft light does not do this it is even light although there are shadows they are not as clearly defined or shown in the image. With soft light the light source has to be diffused this means that something is filtering or reflecting it making it not as strong as before because it is not direct. The direction of light is critical to the image as it can make an image look 3d and interesting this is why artist have been using then for many many years as the picture is more realistic and is not dull like others this can often be a problem with soft light as well as it is dull and faded here are a fe examples of photographs using this technique.
This image uses reflections helped by the light as the sun is directly upon it giving it its high contrast showing the clear image of the buildings in the water making stand out . This image uses hard lighting as the light and dark are clearly defined.
This image is an example of reflected light while still being hard lighted. The image is formed of the squares of reflected light of the windows of buildings the contrast is high and the squares can be seen clearly. although the light source is behind the walls it has still managed to form the direct sunlight.
This image is high contrast forming the standout shadow in the background the direction of light is from the side it is a very hard light.
This is an example of soft light with the shadows being softer with even lighting.
Light colour
There are four main consideration when using light in photography :
- Quality - The clear light of if its muggy or unseeable through the lens.
- Quantity - The amount of light
- direction - The angle in which the light is coming from.
- Colour- The colour can change the mood of a photograph
The white light balance changes the amount of white in the image changing what colour the photograph shows. The colours can give heat and warmth in the image whereas a blue or bright contrast that can appear cold and unnatural giving a different appearance. I took a photo of an everyday object using the different filters such as :
- Auto - This means the camera is set automatically with its colour balance.
- Daylight - This means the camera adds warm orange tones
- Cloudy- camera add warm but cold tones
- Shade - camera add warm tones.
- Tungsten - camera adds warm red tones
- Flash- camera adds warm tones
- Custom- this can be pre feral choice that you can balance the tones yourself.
All of these can change the mood of the photographs just like it has in these photographs:
The florescent h has made the light down directly upon it have really orange tones.
This image is manual it tries to add a realistic tone although this image appears more like the colours that we would see while looking at the image so it has not changed the light.
This is the custom setting it has replaced the light with green and blue tones putting a shallow quite dreary effect on the image. It changes the image to being quite spooky an unnatural so the image is spooky.
Rule of Thirds
The rule of thirds is based on a composition of a photo this means that the photo will be arranged so that the elements in the shot look interesting and balanced. The rule of thirds grid is alike a naughts and crosses grid on the image the points being where the strongest focal point and the lines them self also the second strongest. The rule of thirds is used to place interesting point of your shot allowing the basic composition for a photo while staying balanced. It often allows someone to know the background of an image understanding the story giving the image the impact it needs. These are my images of third:
This image displays the sign while still showing why it was there.This sign could be used for safety around he college and would be used for a story around this . This image for is to show how the college tries to make sure the students stay safe . The rules of third mean that the sign is on one of the lines. The images context of roads and cars are shown by the road in the background while to sign still being the main feature so is placed in the fore ground.
This images uses the rule of third by placing the sign on a cross of the lines it is an another image that sign is there for the reason although the photo is not high quality. This image would be used to show how the college tries to make the college safer. The rule of third has added context to the image as the hallway and wet patch that is displayed fully explaining the story.
This image show that the college and litter which relates to my story "keeping the college litter free".This image conforms to the rule of thirds as the coke can is lined with the corner of the naughts and crosses grid and displays the college and litter together. The image has a higher impact due to the first sight being the coke can the college is seen and the cars show the amount of people around the college.
This image is again to display the story about litter around college the picture of a small bin in the hallway showing that there are many around to use even if they are so small.This image follows the rule of thirds as the bin and the lockers meet with the grid this allows depth to the image and with this image it about the size and this compares the bin size to others around it.
This image show that the college and litter which relates to my story "keeping the college litter free".This image conforms to the rule of thirds as the coke can is lined with the corner of the naughts and crosses grid and displays the college and litter together. The image has a higher impact due to the first sight being the coke can the college is seen and the cars show the amount of people around the college.
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